CHAPTER 2.3: BIOMOLECULES
1. Nucleic Acids
2. Lipids
3. Carbohydrates
4. Proteins
Content Objectives:
The learner will (TLW):
TEKS
9A Compare the functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Essential Questions
Academic Vocabulary
Protein, Amino Acid, Nucleic Acid, Carbohydrates, Lipids
The learner will (TLW):
- Explain the function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
- Compare and contrast the four biomolecules
- Identify the atomic structure and essential elements found in biomolecules
- Explain where each biomolecule is found
TEKS
9A Compare the functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Essential Questions
- What is the difference between a polymer and monomer?
- How are carbohydrates and lipids and different?
- What is the relationship between protein and nucleic acids?
- What are the functions of each biomolecule?
Academic Vocabulary
Protein, Amino Acid, Nucleic Acid, Carbohydrates, Lipids
Monomer Vs. Polymer
Enzymes
Content Objectives:
The learner will (TLW):
Essential Questions
How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function?
Academic Vocabulary
Catalyst, Enzyme, Substrate, Active Site, Inhibitor, Activation Energy, Enzyme-Substrate Complex.
The learner will (TLW):
- Discuss the role of enzymes in chemical reactions
- Understand how a catalyst lowers activation energy and speeds up a chemical reaction
- Identify the enzyme, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex, and the products in a chemical reaction
- Explain how enzymes are negatively affected
- Understand the role inhibitors play in a chemical reaction
Essential Questions
How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function?
- How does a catalyst affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction?
- What factors affect an enzyme reaction?
- What causes an enzyme to be denatured?
- How does the lock and key model help explain how enzymes work?
Academic Vocabulary
Catalyst, Enzyme, Substrate, Active Site, Inhibitor, Activation Energy, Enzyme-Substrate Complex.
enzyme_worksheet1.doc | |
File Size: | 183 kb |
File Type: | doc |
Assigned 8/21/23
Please create an Enzyme poster.
- Add the following information to your poster.
- Be as creative as possible with the figure you chose to create the enzyme.
-Your poster will look identical as my example with the information, the ONLY thing that will change will be the figure you choose.
-Due completed 9/5/23
- Be as creative as possible with the figure you chose to create the enzyme.
-Your poster will look identical as my example with the information, the ONLY thing that will change will be the figure you choose.
-Due completed 9/5/23
CHAPTER 3: CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Content Objectives:
The learner will (TLW):
Essential Questions
Which scientists are credited with contributing to the invention of the microscope?
The learner will (TLW):
- Explain the cell theory and the history behind it
- Distinguish between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell
- Describe how bacteria is both beneficial and disruptive to living organisms and ecosystems
- Distinguish between a plant cell and an animal cell
- Identify cell organelles and their function
Essential Questions
Which scientists are credited with contributing to the invention of the microscope?
- What is the cell theory and which scientists contributed to it?
- How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell and how are they similar?
- How do bacteria reproduce?
- How do bacteria benefit organisms and ecosystems?
- How can bacteria be disruptive to organisms and ecosystems?
- How is a plant cell and animal cell similar and different?
The characteristics of Living Things:
1. Cellular Organization
2. The Cell is the basic unit of life
3. Growth and Development
4. Energy Use
5. Reproduce
6. Response to Stimuli
7. The component of living organisms
Plant Cell Vs. Animal Cell
Chapter 3.2: Cell Organelles
chpt3.2_cell_organelles_power_point.pptx | |
File Size: | 2515 kb |
File Type: | pptx |
Assignment:
bacteria_vs._virus.pdf | |
File Size: | 874 kb |
File Type: |
Chapter 3.3 Cell Organelles: Cell Membrane
Chapter 3.4 & 3.5: Diffusion and Osmosis Active Transport
chapter_3-_cell_membrane_-.pptx | |
File Size: | 3440 kb |
File Type: | pptx |
PASSIVE TRANSPORT:
Cell transport which does not require energy. Molecules travel from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Examples include:
Diffusion: is the movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration.
When molecules diffuse, they are described as moving down their concentration gradient.
When molecules diffuse, they are described as moving down their concentration gradient.
Osmosis: the diffusion of water molecules.
The process of osmosis is exactly the same as diffusion but refers only to water molecules.
The process of osmosis is exactly the same as diffusion but refers only to water molecules.
Hypertonic solution: if it has a higher concentration of solutes than a cell. Hyper- means “more.” This means the cell has a higher concentration of water than the surrounding fluid. As a result, water diffuses out of the cell, and the cell shrivels.
Isotonic solution: to a cell if it has the same concentration of solutes that the cell has. Iso- means “equal.” In an isotonic solution, water moves into and out of a cell at equal rates. As a result, cell size remains constant.
Hypotonic solution: if it has a lower concentration of solutes than a cell. Hypo- means “less.” This means the cell has a lower concentration of water than the surrounding fluid. As a result, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell grows larger.
Isotonic solution: to a cell if it has the same concentration of solutes that the cell has. Iso- means “equal.” In an isotonic solution, water moves into and out of a cell at equal rates. As a result, cell size remains constant.
Hypotonic solution: if it has a lower concentration of solutes than a cell. Hypo- means “less.” This means the cell has a lower concentration of water than the surrounding fluid. As a result, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell grows larger.
Endocytosis: to take in large materials or liquids. The prefix endo- means “in.” In endocytosis, the cell membrane starts to fold in, forming a pocket around a substance. The pocket breaks off inside the cell, making a vesicle.
Exocytosis: The prefix exo- means “out.” It is the process that moves substances out of the cell. In exocytosis, a vesicle surrounds materials that need to be removed. The vesicle then goes to the cell membrane, fuses with it, and lets go of the contents.
Chapter 4: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Fermentation
Content Objectives
The learner will (TLW):
Essential Questions
The learner will (TLW):
- Describe the process of photosynthesis
- Describe the process of cellular respiration
- Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Essential Questions
- How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
- What are the products and reactants of photosynthesis?
- What are the products and reactants of cellular respiration?
- What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?
ASSIGNMENT:
4.1_chemical_energy_atp.pdf | |
File Size: | 686 kb |
File Type: |
Photosynthesis:
is a process through which light energy is captured and used to build sugars that store chemical energy
Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles where Photosynthesis takes place in plants.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment that gives plants their green color. It absorbs visible light to provide energy for Photosynthesis. This energy is then used to convert
CO2 (carbon dioxide) into carbohydrates.
Thylakoids are coined shape structures found within the chloroplast. Site of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
CO2 (carbon dioxide) into carbohydrates.
Thylakoids are coined shape structures found within the chloroplast. Site of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
How does Photosynthesis occur?
Light-dependent reaction absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-dependent reaction. Takes place in the thylakoids.
Light-independent reaction uses energy absorbed during light dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates. Takes place in the stroma.
Light-independent reaction uses energy absorbed during light dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates. Takes place in the stroma.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
is the process through which sugars and other carbon-based molecules are broken down to produce ATP when oxygen is available
STAGE 1: GLYCOLISISGlycolysis is an anaerobic process which occurs in the cell's cytoplasm that splits glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules
STAGE 2: KREBS CYCLEGlucose in converted into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. This stage requires oxygen (aerobic) and occurs in the mitochondria.
STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORTWhen oxygen is present, pyruvate and NADH are used to make a large amount of ATP. When oxygen is not present, pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide.
STAGE 2: KREBS CYCLEGlucose in converted into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. This stage requires oxygen (aerobic) and occurs in the mitochondria.
STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORTWhen oxygen is present, pyruvate and NADH are used to make a large amount of ATP. When oxygen is not present, pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide.
FERMENTATION:
A chemical process in which organisms break down sugar for energy without the use of oxygen, this process allows glycolysis to continue to produce ATP when oxygen is not available.
Two Main Types of Fermentation:
Alcoholic fermentation --some plants and unicellular organisms (yeast for example) convert pyruvate into ethyl alcohol and CO2.
Lactic acid fermentation--an enzyme converts pyruvate into lactic acid. It is produced in your muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues. "Feel the burn" is actually the result of lactic acid build up in the muscles which can be painful.
DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
Content Objectives
The learner will (TLW):
- Explain the contributions of R. Franklin, J. Watson, and F. Crick to the development of the DNA model
- Describe the structure of DNA
- Understand how each of the four nucleotide differs
- Apply Chargaff’s Rule to describe the structure of DNA
- Explain how genetic material is encoded in DNA
- Explain why the genetic code is common to all organisms
Essential Questions
- How many types of nucleotides are in DNA and how do they differ?
- How are the base pairing rules related to Chargaff’s research on DNA?
- Which part of a DNA molecule carries the genetic instructions that are unique for each individual?
CHAPTER 8: DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
dna_structure_and_function.ppt | |
File Size: | 1899 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
DNA STRUCTURE PROJECT DUE 11/28/22
dna_model_project.pdf | |
File Size: | 205 kb |
File Type: |
DNA ORAGAMI
origamidna-blanktemplate_dna.pdf | |
File Size: | 25 kb |
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DNA Replication Power Point
dna_replication.ppt | |
File Size: | 1475 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
BELL RINGER:
In your composition notebook. Create a Venn Diagram comparing DNA Vs. RNA
Transcription & Translation
chpt8.4_protein_synthesis.transcrip_and_transla__2_.ppt | |
File Size: | 4066 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
Gene Expression & Regulation
EXIT TICKET:
Answer questions
1.
2.
3.
22.
Mutations
chpt8.7_mutation.ppt | |
File Size: | 4169 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
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